One way to paradise

Continued

In this section, we will learn the plural form of nouns and Adjectives In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing).
In English, adjectives have no plural form. So when an adjective is used to describe a singular noun, the same word is used to describe the plural noun e.g., if we say "Good boy" for a singular noun then in the same manner we say "Good boys" for the plural nouns.
In Arabic however even the adjectives have plural form, e.g., when we express the quality of a teacher by saying مُدَرِّسٌ جَيِّدٌ (A good teacher), it will become مُدَرِّسُونَ جَيِّدُونَi.e., Good teachers for the plural nouns. So the noun as well as the adjective becomes plural and both change form.
English and Arabic both have two kinds of plural:

The Sound Plural is the plural form of a word in which the word keeps its original form and is simply extended:

People fasting ========== A person fasting

Female teachers ========== A female teacher

Hard workers ========== A hard worker

Small things (feminine) ========== A small thing (feminine)

In Arabic, the sound plural is either masculine or feminine. In order to convert a singular masculine noun or adjective to plural the following steps should be taken:
The /tanwīn/ on the last letter of the indefinite word is replaced with the single vowel of the equivalent - i.e. single /đammah/ (when in nominative case), single /fatħah/ (when in accusative case) and single /kasrah/ (when in genitive case)
ونَ is added at the end of the word if it is in nominative case with a /đammah/ and ينَ is added if the word is in accusative with a /fatħah/ or genitive case with a /kasrah/.
However if the word is definite, then simply ونَ is added at the end of the word if it is in nominative case and ينَ is added if the word is in accusative or genitive case. Please see below - please take note of the colour coding to emphasise the changed and additional letters to make the words into sound plurals:

These are fasting ========== This is fasting

I saw teachers ========== I saw a teacher

I am with Muslims ========== I am with a Muslim

The engineers ========== The engineer

Muhammad is with the farmers ===== Muhammad is with the farmer

I visited the engineers ========== I visited the engineer