Lesson 18 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّامِنَ عَشَرَ

Continued

• In this part of lesson we will learn the dual form of the personal pronouns (he, she). In Arabic language all types of pronouns have a dual form, not only demonstrative pronouns. We have already learnt the singular form of masculine and feminine personal pronouns for the third person (he / she) in (Lesson 4 section 7)
• In this part of the lesson we will learn the dual form of the Personal Pronouns for the third person representing the masculine and the feminine nouns, In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing).
• In order to change the personal pronouns for the third person representing masculine and feminine nouns to the Dual form, the following steps are involved:
• To change a personal pronoun for the third person representing a masculine noun (هُوَ) to مُثَنًّى i.e., Dual form, the last letter وَ i.e., a /Wāw/ with a /fatħah/ is replaced with مَا i.e., /Meem/ with /fatħah/ and a long vowel /Alif/, e.g.:

هُوَ will become هُمَا

• To change a personal pronoun for the third person representing a feminine noun (هِيَ) to مُثَنًّى i.e., Dual form, the genitive case /kasrah/ of the letter /ha/ is replaced with the nominative case /đammah/ and the last letter يَ i.e., a /Ya/ with a /fatħah/ is replaced with مَا i.e., /Meem/ with /fatħah/ and a long vowel /Alif/, e.g.:

هِيَ will become هُمَا

• Let’s look at some more examples for a better understanding of the rule: