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Lesson 18 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّامِنَ عَشَرَ

 

Continued

  • In this part of lesson we will learn the dual form of the personal pronouns (he, she). In Arabic language all types of pronouns have a dual form, not only demonstrative pronouns. We have already learnt the singular form of masculine and feminine personal pronouns for the third person (he / she) in (Lesson 4 section 7)
  • In this part of the lesson we will learn the dual form of the Personal Pronouns for the third person representing the masculine and the feminine nouns, In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing).
  • In order to change the personal pronouns for the third person representing masculine and feminine nouns to the Dual form, the following steps are involved:
    • To change a personal pronoun for the third person representing a masculine noun (هُوَ) to مُثَنًّى i.e., Dual form, the last letter وَ i.e., a /Wāw/ with a /fatħah/ is replaced with مَا i.e., /Meem/ with /fatħah/ and a long vowel /Alif/, e.g.:

هُوَ will become هُمَا

    • To change a personal pronoun for the third person representing a feminine noun (هِيَ) to مُثَنًّى i.e., Dual form, the genitive case /kasrah/ of the letter /ha/ is replaced with the nominative case /đammah/ and the last letter يَ i.e., a /Ya/ with a /fatħah/ is replaced with مَا i.e., /Meem/ with /fatħah/ and a long vowel /Alif/, e.g.:

هِيَ will become هُمَا

  • Let’s look at some more examples for a better understanding of the rule: 

Picture

English

Arabic

Madinaharabic.com lesson image

He is a student

They both are students

هُوَ طَالِبٌ.

هُمَا طَالِبَانِ.

Madinaharabic.com lesson image

She is a teacher

They are both teachers

هِيَ مُدَرِّسَةٌ.

هُمَا مُدَرِّسَتَانِ.

Madinaharabic.com lesson image

This boy is poor, he is an orphan as well

These two boys are poor, they are both orphans as well

هَذَا الْوَلَدُ فَقِيرٌ، هُوَ يَتِيمٌ أَيْضًا.

هَذَانِ الْوَلَدَانِ فَقِيرَانِ، هُمَا يَتِيمَانِ أَيْضًا.

Madinaharabic.com lesson image

This girl is a student, she is very hard working

These two girls are students, they are both very hard working

هَذِهِ الْبِنْتُ طَالِبَةٌ، هِيَ مُجْتَهِدَةٌ جِدًّا.

هَاتَانِ الْبِنْتَانِ طَالِبَتَانِ، هُمَا مُجْتَهِدَتَانِ جِدًّا.